https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste <p>The Academic Journal of Science, Technology and Education (ISSN 3041-7848) is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal dedicated to advancing knowledge at the intersection of scientific inquiry, technological innovation, and educational practice. The journal publishes original research articles, reviews, and case studies that explore the integration of scientific methods, emerging technologies, and pedagogical strategies to enhance learning, teaching, and societal development. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary contributions from scholars, educators, technologists, and practitioners, aiming to foster critical dialogue and promote the application of research-based solutions to contemporary challenges in education and STEM fields.</p> Integrum en-US Academic Journal of Science, Technology and Education 3041-7848 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/168 In acqusition of engineering English, there are some measurements taken into consideration. One of them is manuals of engineers’ in the industry, which provide an opportunity adult learners to recognise the technical system and subject matter of their expertise. Furthermore, the learners studying at university only acquire subject matter inn English through reading manuals and professional-oriented course-books. This paper highlights the ideas of scholars according to the technical English acquisition and methods of translation. Xasan Shaymanovich Abdinazarov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 4 7 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/169 This article analyzes the rights of citizens to freely seek, receive and disseminate information, as well as the mechanisms for ensuring them. At the same time, the importance of the openness of state bodies, legislation on ensuring freedom of information and the development of society is highlighted. The article shows freedom of information as an important element of a democratic society, emphasizing its practical importance and relevance. Zahrokhon Anvarkhon-qizi Abdumamatova Bobomurod Tillayev Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 8 10 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/170 The development of biologically active compounds based on heterocyclic structures remains a promising direction in modern agrochemical research. In this study, a quinazolone–phosphite derivative synthesized from benzaldehyde and acetone was evaluated for its plant growth–stimulating activity. The biological effectiveness of the compound was assessed through standard germination and growth assays, including seed germination rate, root elongation, and biomass accumulation. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in plant growth parameters compared to untreated controls, indicating the stimulatory potential of the synthesized compound. The presence of the phosphite group is assumed to contribute to improved nutrient assimilation and metabolic activation in plants, while the quinazolone moiety may enhance biological activity through its known bioactive properties. The findings suggest that this compound can be considered a promising candidate for application as an eco-friendly plant growth regulator in sustainable agriculture. Muhammadi Nemat-oglu Amonov Feruz Sadullayevich Tukhsanov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 11 15 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/171 This paper examines improvements to the method for calculating building structures under a specific limit state not covered by the regulatory document currently in force in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the design of buildings and structures, the calculation of limit state criteria boundaries is considered for the effects of short-term accidental loads (explosions, vehicle impacts, falling loads, earthquakes, avalanches, mudslides, etc.), the probability of which is low. The failure of load-bearing vertical and horizontal members distributed across the plan and height of a building may result in varying risks of failure for adjacent members. This paper examines the incorporation, within the design of buildings and structures, of a differentiated assessment of the contribution of their load-bearing members using the limit state method. Chimnaz Asmanova Valiakhmat Usmanov Khasan Ibragimov Ibrokhim Madatov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 16 21 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/172 This article examines the concurrent evolution of two transformative technological domains within contemporary librarianship: augmented reality applications for physical collections and advanced virtual reference services. Through analysis of recent implementations, including the National Library Board of Singapore’s Augmented Reading initiative and collaborative reference networks such as British Columbia’s AskAway service, this article argues that these technologies represent not merely incremental improvements but fundamental shifts in how libraries mediate the relationship between users and information. The article explores the technical frameworks enabling these innovations, the organizational structures supporting their implementation, and the challenges libraries face in an environment increasingly shaped by generative artificial intelligence. It concludes that the integration of immersive technologies with responsive, human-centered virtual reference creates a complementary ecosystem that extends the library’s mission beyond physical and institutional boundaries while preserving its core commitment to equitable access and information literacy. Rashid Turgunbaev Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 22 28 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/173 The study of proteins is a cornerstone of modern biochemistry and molecular biology, yet its inherent complexity presents significant pedagogical challenges. Traditional teaching methods, often reliant on passive learning through lectures and textbook readings, frequently fail to convey the dynamic, three-dimensional nature of protein structure and function. This can lead to a superficial understanding and diminished student engagement. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of innovative, student-centered pedagogical strategies designed to overcome these obstacles and foster a deeper, more intuitive comprehension of protein biochemistry. We explore a multi-faceted approach that integrates several effective methodologies. The analogy method is examined as a powerful tool for simplifying abstract concepts, such as comparing protein synthesis to a culinary recipe or protein structure to a complex Lego model, making the information more relatable and memorable. The critical role of visualization is highlighted, detailing the use of both digital and physical tools. This includes interactive 3D modeling software (e.g., PyMOL, ChimeraX) and virtual lab simulations (e.g., Labster), which allow students to virtually “see” and manipulate molecules, as well as hands-on physical modeling exercises using simple materials to build tangible representations of protein folding. Furthermore, we delve into the concept of gamification, showcasing how educational games like “Foldit” can transform the learning process into an engaging and competitive challenge, thereby increasing motivation and illustrating the real-world relevance of protein science. The article synthesizes these approaches into a cohesive framework, arguing that their combined application creates a rich, interactive, and multi-sensory learning environment. By shifting the focus from rote memorization to active problem-solving and conceptual understanding, these innovative methods not only improve academic performance but also cultivate critical thinking skills and a lasting interest in the field of biochemistry. Navruz Muminov Sevinch Ochilova Sabina Burkhanova Khurshida Tursunova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 29 33 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/174 The modernization of chemistry education requires the development of students’ key twenty-first century competencies alongside subject knowledge acquisition. This study focuses on developing students’ 4C competencies - critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication - through teaching the topic “Basic Chemical Concepts and Laws” in secondary school chemistry education. The research examines pedagogical approaches that integrate competency-based learning, problem-oriented tasks, experimental activities, and interactive teaching strategies into the instructional process. Special attention is given to the role of fundamental chemical concepts, including atomic-molecular theory and basic chemical laws, as a foundation for fostering analytical reasoning and scientific understanding. The study employs modern educational methods aimed at increasing students’ cognitive engagement, independent learning skills, and cooperative problem-solving abilities. The findings demonstrate that the systematic integration of 4C-oriented instructional strategies enhances students’ conceptual comprehension, learning motivation, and functional scientific literacy. The proposed methodological approach contributes to improving the effectiveness of chemistry teaching and supports the formation of competencies necessary for successful learning and real-life application of chemical knowledge. Mehribonu Jamshidovna Toshpulatova Maftuna Akramovna Togaeva Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 34 39 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/175 This article analyzes the main causes of conflicts in Uzbek families, their social and psychological factors, and their impact on family relations. It also discusses economic difficulties, differences in views between generations, upbringing issues, and communication problems that lead to family disagreements. The article highlights effective methods for resolving family conflicts, the importance of a culture of mutual respect, dialogue, and compromise. Fatima Abduvohid-qizi Askarova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 40 44 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/176 This article analyzes the role of rubob prima in the system of Uzbek folk instruments, its unique structure, performance capabilities, timbre characteristics and functional significance in the ensemble and orchestra. Also, the differences between rubob prima and other folk instruments, its role in national music performance and its significance in professional music education are scientifically and theoretically covered. The article discusses the technical and artistic capabilities of the rubob prima instrument, its performance styles and its role in enriching the traditions of national instrument performance. Azat Amanovich Gochbakarov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 45 48 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/177 This article investigates the transformation processes of the educational system of the Uzbek SSR during 1927-1928, based on materials from the journal “Maorif va o‘qutg‘uvchi” (Education and the Teacher). Source analysis reveals that the pedagogy of this period represents a stage of “Hybrid Pedagogy,” which had not yet fully transitioned to “Pure Marxism” but rather formed a synthesis with Western (USA, Germany) methodologies. The article elucidates the textbook crisis, the reasons for the forced retreat from polytechnic education, and the political functions of social institutions such as the “Red Teahouse”. This article is based on the methodologies of source study (textual analysis) and historiography (historical context and interpretation). Yaminxon Muxammedovich Askarxodjayev Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 49 52 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/178 This article examines the artistic representation of social criticism in the dramaturgy of Abdurauf Fitrat, one of the leading representatives of the Jadid intellectual movement in Central Asia. The study analyzes how Fitrat addressed important social issues such as ignorance, religious fanaticism, moral decline, women’s status, and social inequality through dramatic expression. Particular attention is given to the ways in which theatrical conflict functions as a means of ideological debate and social reflection. The research is based on historical-literary and artistic-analytical methods, allowing the interpretation of Fitrat’s plays within the broader cultural and intellectual context of the early twentieth century. The findings demonstrate that Fitrat’s dramaturgy not only served as an artistic form but also functioned as a powerful tool for enlightenment and social reform. His dramatic works reflect the principles of Jadid reformism, which aimed to modernize society through education, critical thinking, and civic awareness. Ruxsatbegin To’ymurod-qizi Hojiyeva Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 53 55 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/179 The integration of problem-based learning (PBL) into the teaching of chromatographic methods represents a promising approach to enhancing students’ analytical thinking and practical competencies in analytical chemistry. This study explores the didactic potential of problem-based approaches in teaching chromatography, focusing on their role in improving conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and student engagement. Chromatographic techniques, such as paper, thin-layer, and column chromatography, are inherently suitable for problem-oriented instruction due to their experimental and interpretative nature. The research analyzes the effectiveness of incorporating real-life analytical scenarios and inquiry-based tasks into the learning process. The findings indicate that problem-based learning fosters deeper comprehension of separation mechanisms, enhances students’ ability to interpret chromatographic data, and promotes independent learning. Furthermore, it supports the development of critical and scientific thinking skills essential for future chemists and educators. The study concludes that the systematic implementation of problem-based approaches significantly increases the didactic value of chromatographic instruction and contributes to the formation of key professional competencies in students. Rukhshona Zafar-kizi Mamalatifova Ulugbek Khayrullo-oglu Pardaev Otabek Artikovich Kuchkarov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 56 60 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/180 The necessity of systematically studying written heritage plays a significant role in understanding the spiritual roots of national values. This is because such sources call people to live through honest labor and encourage courage, generosity, and modesty. Like all peoples of the world, Turkic communities, even in ancient times, due to the demands of life itself, aspired to raise their children to become healthy, strong, hardworking, respectful toward elders and younger members of society, well-mannered, brave, patriotic, and - in short - individuals with high spiritual qualities. These ideals can be observed in the great written monuments inherited from our ancestors. One of such written monuments is the work “Devonu lugotit-turk” by Mahmud al-Kashgari. In this work, the customs, language, and lifestyle of the Turkic peoples of the XI th century are reflected through folk proverbs and epic narratives. Bahodir Abdullajonovich Kuchkarov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 61 66 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/181 This article analyzes the concept of cyberbullying on the Internet, its types, and its impact on society. Different forms of cyberbullying, its consequences on victims, and its harm to society are discussed in detail. Additionally, technical, legal, and psychological methods of protection against cyberbullying are examined. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the issue based on scientific research and statistical data. Feruzabonu Batirjon-kizi Mirzaraimova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 67 69 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/182 This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of independent educational activities of students in the process of music education in higher pedagogical educational institutions. The study covers the pedagogical mechanisms of organizing independent study, creative research and practical activities in the process of music education. It also substantiates the importance of using innovative pedagogical technologies, interactive methods, digital educational resources and creative tasks in the effective organization of independent education. The article reveals the role of independent educational activities in developing students’ professional competence, improving their performing skills and forming their musical thinking. Saodat Abdurakhmanovna Muratova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 70 74 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/183 Short bowel syndrome remains one of the most challenging conditions in pediatric gastroenterology and digestive surgery, representing the leading cause of intestinal failure in children. The management of this condition has undergone substantial transformation over recent decades, evolving from a primarily supportive approach to an integrated strategy that combines sophisticated surgical techniques with targeted medical therapy. This review examines current evidence for optimizing and standardizing the sequential phases of care in pediatric short bowel syndrome, encompassing the acute post-resection period, the adaptation phase, and the maintenance stage. Particular attention is devoted to autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery, including serial transverse enteroplasty and longitudinal intestinal lengthening, as well as the emerging role of glucagon-like peptide-2 analogs in enhancing intestinal adaptation. The available evidence demonstrates that serial transverse enteroplasty achieves bowel lengthening of 50 to 70 percent with subsequent parenteral nutrition weaning in 42 to 73 percent of patients, while teduglutide therapy reduces parenteral nutrition requirements by approximately 30 to 67 percent over three years of treatment. Optimal outcomes depend critically upon the integration of surgical and medical interventions within multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation programs, standardized patient selection criteria, and objective monitoring of adaptation through biomarkers such as citrulline. This review proposes a framework for stage-specific standardization that may improve enteral autonomy rates and long-term quality of life in this complex patient population. Mukhlisa Shavkatovna Rustamova Shavkat Teshaevich Salimov Bobir Zakirovich Abdusamatov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 75 81 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/184 Today, teaching English for Special Purposes (ESP) is becoming one of the important aspects of foreign language teaching networks. The development of scientific and technological progress, in the information age, creates the need to apply the experience of developed countries of the world to train globally competitive personnel. In this regard, research on the development of lexical competence based on real materials in teaching foreign languages for special purposes is increasing. Authentic materials are all things in the material environment that surrounds us. In teaching English for special purposes, we can see authentic materials as all the details encountered in professional processes, all the actions performed in work activities. This article reflects the results of research on the formation of a methodological system based on authentic materials in teaching English in non-philological higher educational institutions. In addition, detailed considerations are given about the relevant stages of the systems. Bunyod Husanovich Kholiyorov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 82 89 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/185 This article analyzes the role and importance of musical education in the formation of aesthetic taste in preschool children. Methods of developing children’s sense of beauty, musical imagination and aesthetic perception abilities through music are highlighted. Also, theoretical and practical recommendations are given on the example of musical and pedagogical approaches used in kindergarten. Marjona Ravshanjon-qizi Rajabova A.Kh.Trigulova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 90 92 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/186 The COVID-19 pandemic exposed and amplified existing fissures in the Philippine educational system, particularly in the preparation and ongoing development of teachers. This article examines the multifaceted challenge of reimagining teacher preparation in the post-pandemic era, arguing that meaningful reform must address three interconnected domains: the alignment of pre-service education with licensure and classroom realities, the integration of blended and technology-mediated pedagogies into professional practice, and the prioritization of teacher well-being as a foundational element of instructional quality. Drawing on recent policy initiatives including the introduction of specialized licensure examinations, public-private partnerships for teacher upskilling, and grassroots professional development programs in regions such as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, this article analyzes both the structural reforms and the cultural shifts necessary to prepare teachers for the complexities of contemporary Philippine classrooms. It concludes that sustainable transformation requires moving beyond one-off training interventions toward coherent systems of support that recognize teaching as simultaneously a technical craft, a relational practice, and a deeply personal vocation. John Mark Reyes Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 93 100 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/187 This article discusses the causes and specific features of educational deviations in schoolchildren. It also provides information about the impact of children whose upbringing is deviant on the pedagogical process. Bakhtiyor Zokirjon-oglu Qayumov Dilrabo Jabaraliyevna Rustamova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 101 103 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/188 This article analyzes the mechanisms of ensuring the learning activity of primary school teachers based on the use of heuristic methodology from a scientific and pedagogical point of view. Also, ways to increase the learning activity of teachers through heuristic methods such as creating problem situations in the process of primary education, encouraging independent thinking, questioning, analysis, comparison, generalization are shown. The article substantiates the didactic possibilities of heuristic methodology in developing teachers’ professional competence, forming innovative thinking and increasing educational efficiency. The research results show that heuristic methodology plays an important role as an effective pedagogical mechanism in the primary education system. Sarvinoz Atadjanovna Abdiyazova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 104 107 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/189 The art of intertextuality based on proverbs and idioms in poetic texts is a powerful literary technique where poets weave familiar cultural expressions - traditional sayings, folk wisdom, and idiomatic phrases - into their work to create layered meaning, resonance, and dialogue with collective memory. Gulnoza Xidirbayevna Sabirova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 108 111 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/190 This article highlights the recognition of Oybek Islamov, a prominent monumental painter, educator, and scholar, who was awarded the “Culture and Art Devotee” badge by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2025. The text situates the award within the national context of cultural development and acknowledges Islamov’s multifaceted contributions to art, education, and public projects. It emphasizes his leadership in organizing exhibitions, mentoring young artists, and executing large-scale government commissions that integrate traditional Uzbek aesthetics with contemporary forms. The article also reflects on his international presence - through participation in global exhibitions and scholarly publications - and underscores how his artistic and pedagogical achievements continue to strengthen Uzbekistan’s cultural identity on the world stage. Sh.R.Jumaniyazov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 112 114 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/191 This article explores the importance of the “History of Polyphony” course in the professional training of master’s students at pedagogical universities. Adelya Khusainovna Trigulova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 115 117 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/192 This article analyzes the role of Yunus Rajabiy in Uzbek classical music and examines his scholarly and creative legacy. It evaluates Rajabiy’s work in collecting, systematizing, and transcribing maqoms into musical notation as an important stage in the preservation and development of the national musical heritage. In particular, it highlights how the written systematization of Shashmaqom strengthened the scientific foundations of maqom art. The article also demonstrates that the activities of the Yunus Rajabiy Named Maqom Ensembleb established on his initiative, contributed significantly to the stage and pedagogical development of maqom performance. The study concludes that Rajabiy’s legacy represents an important cultural phenomenon that laid a foundation for the sustainable development of national musical thought. Xurshidjon Xoliqnazarov Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 118 122 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/193 This article analyzes innovative technologies applied in modern underground construction. In particular, high-performance Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), intelligent digital monitoring systems, automated control technologies, and new-generation construction materials (high-strength concretes, geosynthetic materials, and grouting compounds) are examined in terms of their technical, economic, and operational advantages. The study substantiates, through scientific analysis, the role of these advanced technologies in reducing construction time, improving safety levels, and extending the service life of underground structures. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of innovative approaches significantly enhances the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of underground infrastructure projects. The article is intended for civil engineers, researchers, design specialists, and practitioners working in the field of underground construction and geotechnical engineering. Inomjon Ganiev Dilnoza Juratova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 123 133 https://integrumpublication.org/index.php/ajste/article/view/194 This article explores the effectiveness of teaching dental terminology in context through an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach. In non-English-speaking medical universities, dental students often face difficulties in understanding and using professional terminology accurately in clinical communication. Traditional vocabulary memorization methods are insufficient for developing communicative competence. Therefore, this study proposes a context-based ESP model integrating authentic clinical cases, role-play activities, and task-based exercises into English lessons. The research is based on classroom observation, needs analysis, and experimental teaching conducted with dentistry students. The findings demonstrate that contextualized instruction significantly improves students’ retention of dental terms, professional speaking skills, and confidence in doctor-patient communication. The article highlights the pedagogical value of integrating subject-specific content with language instruction and emphasizes the role of interactive and practice-oriented methods in professional language development. The proposed approach contributes to enhancing the quality of English language teaching in dental education. Nigora Umrzakova Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-03-20 2026-03-20 2 3 134 137