The role of proteins in human health and diseases

Abstract

This article examines the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, biological significance, and major functions of proteins in the human body. Particular attention is given to the four levels of protein organization, the formation of peptide bonds and protein synthesis, the role of enzymes as biological catalysts, and the classification and functions of complex proteins. The article also considers the structure of the viral capsid and its contribution to viral infection, as well as disorders associated with impaired protein metabolism. The analysis demonstrates that protein structure is closely related to biological function and that disturbances in protein metabolism or structure may contribute to disease development. Overall, proteins are essential for structural integrity, catalysis, transport, immune defense, movement, regulation, and maintenance of normal physiological processes.